Global inequalit, and caste systems Essay Example for Free

Global inequalit, and caste systems Essay Describe the trend in global inequality over the course of the last century. Based on where we have been and where we are now, predict where the world may be a century from now. What prediction would modernization theory support? What about dependency theory? What do you think will happen? Why? Briefly describe the main characteristics of caste systems and class systems. How are these types linked to different kinds of economic production (agrarian versus industrial technology)? In what ways are people in class systems more equal than those in caste systems? What are the different justifications for inequality in each case? Question 1 Global inequality has been on the rise over the past century with the boom of the industrial and the information revolution. Countries known as the first world have far surpassed third world countries. Modernization theory points out those countries that had been the poorest have developed and have become richer due to the trade expansion and industrial revolution. This trend will rise in countries that have the technology to pursue this fast pace movement but countries that do not have the technology will see almost no change at all. I believe this trend will continue. Question 2 In the class system people are equal because more competition is at hand. People are only held back by the amount of energy they wish to expel to their careers or life style. In caste systems people are placed into pre-determined situations such as work or marriage purely based on who they have been born to and what their families have done for a living. The main characteristic of a caste system is based on arbitrary placement.  People are made to marry only others from within their own race such as in South Africa, and India. In a caste system, a son of a plumber will be a plumber. However, some characteristics of the caste system are seen here in the United States, which is a class system. Examples of this would be clearly the George W. Busch family and the Robert Kennedy family. Both are considered powerful political families created by passing down from one generation to the other their political influences and by marrying into other rich and influential families. What justifies caste and class systems are economics. Countries that depend on farming benefit from a caste system, because farming would be past down from one generation to the other making it to be more productive. Industrial nations on a class system use the most qualified persons from any class or social group based on their individual achievements and not solely based on birth. Therefore, a baker may have a son who makes great strides in science and help the nation develop.

Book Report of Brave New World Essay -- Essays Papers

Book Report of Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley was born in 1894, and died in 1963, the same day JFK was assassinated. He first went to Eton, and then to Oxford. He was a brilliant man, and became a successful writer of short stories in the twenties and thirties. The first novels he wrote were comments on the young generation, with no goal whatsoever, that lived after WW I. Before he became a writer; he worked as a journalist and a critic of drama. Other books of his include "Antic Hay", "Time Must Have a Stop" and "Island". Next to novels, essays and short stories he also wrote poems, biographies, plays, political books, and even a record of his experiments with drugs. Theme: The theme of Brave New World is freedom and how people want it. The people want poetry, danger, good and bad things. This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, family, love and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice. These are all also distinguishing marks between humans and animals that were abolished here. In exchange, they received stability with no wars, social unrest, no poverty or disease or any other infirmities or discomforts. However, they only live with an artificial happiness, which they have been brainwashed to love since infancy. There is no marriage, no violence or no sadness which may result in an unstable society which would threaten the totalitarian government. But the majority of the people don't realize what they are missing as it's never been there. It's a society in which the human being only serves a sociological and scientifical purpose; the individual thoug ht is overruled by one big autocratic state. Huxley is also telling us to be careful with our science, or we may end up like the Utopians, mass producing identical citizens, then brainwashing them to think alike and to think exactly what the government mandates. Exposition: In the first scene we are introduced to the futuristic world of London and how the babies are "conditioned" and categorized from birth. Then we meet some of the main characters, Bernard and Lenina who are both Alpha Plus status. It is foreshadowed that the two are going to make a trip to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico for vacation. Complications: Before Bernard and Lenina leave for the savage camp Ber... ...lso dislikes the Utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart. That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in Utopia. He was one of the few people that understood John and had similar interests in literature. He is also classified as an alpha-plus. Setting: The novel is situated around six hundred thirty-two years "after Ford" released the T-Model automobile, or around 2535. Ford has become somewhat of a God. It is essential to the theme that it be placed in the future because of the advancement in technology and science. Without these progressions the Utopian Society could not have been created. Diction: I thought that Aldous Huxley's style was good and easy to understand and follow. He used descriptive words when they were needed. They gave you the illusion of being in a futuristic world. The beginning is filled with technological information mixed in with the description of the world. The word "Ford" is often used instead of "God" and obscenities. Method of Narration: The novel is written in 3rd person omniscient and Huxley frequently uses characters to portray his thoughts about the Utopian Society. Book Report of Brave New World Essay -- Essays Papers Book Report of Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley was born in 1894, and died in 1963, the same day JFK was assassinated. He first went to Eton, and then to Oxford. He was a brilliant man, and became a successful writer of short stories in the twenties and thirties. The first novels he wrote were comments on the young generation, with no goal whatsoever, that lived after WW I. Before he became a writer; he worked as a journalist and a critic of drama. Other books of his include "Antic Hay", "Time Must Have a Stop" and "Island". Next to novels, essays and short stories he also wrote poems, biographies, plays, political books, and even a record of his experiments with drugs. Theme: The theme of Brave New World is freedom and how people want it. The people want poetry, danger, good and bad things. This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, family, love and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice. These are all also distinguishing marks between humans and animals that were abolished here. In exchange, they received stability with no wars, social unrest, no poverty or disease or any other infirmities or discomforts. However, they only live with an artificial happiness, which they have been brainwashed to love since infancy. There is no marriage, no violence or no sadness which may result in an unstable society which would threaten the totalitarian government. But the majority of the people don't realize what they are missing as it's never been there. It's a society in which the human being only serves a sociological and scientifical purpose; the individual thoug ht is overruled by one big autocratic state. Huxley is also telling us to be careful with our science, or we may end up like the Utopians, mass producing identical citizens, then brainwashing them to think alike and to think exactly what the government mandates. Exposition: In the first scene we are introduced to the futuristic world of London and how the babies are "conditioned" and categorized from birth. Then we meet some of the main characters, Bernard and Lenina who are both Alpha Plus status. It is foreshadowed that the two are going to make a trip to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico for vacation. Complications: Before Bernard and Lenina leave for the savage camp Ber... ...lso dislikes the Utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart. That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in Utopia. He was one of the few people that understood John and had similar interests in literature. He is also classified as an alpha-plus. Setting: The novel is situated around six hundred thirty-two years "after Ford" released the T-Model automobile, or around 2535. Ford has become somewhat of a God. It is essential to the theme that it be placed in the future because of the advancement in technology and science. Without these progressions the Utopian Society could not have been created. Diction: I thought that Aldous Huxley's style was good and easy to understand and follow. He used descriptive words when they were needed. They gave you the illusion of being in a futuristic world. The beginning is filled with technological information mixed in with the description of the world. The word "Ford" is often used instead of "God" and obscenities. Method of Narration: The novel is written in 3rd person omniscient and Huxley frequently uses characters to portray his thoughts about the Utopian Society.

Workers Participation In Management Commerce Essay

Harmonizing to one position, workers engagement is based on the cardinal construct that the ordinary workers put his labor in, and ties his destiny to, his topographic point of work and, hence, he has a legitimate right to hold a portion in act uponing the assorted facets of company policy † . Harmonizing to G.S. Walpole, engagement in direction gives the workers a sense of importance, pride and achievement ; it gives him the freedom and the chance for self-expression ; a feeling of belonging to his topographic point of work and a sense of craft and creativeness. It provides for the integrating of his involvements with those of the direction and makes him a joint spouses in the endeavor † . The signifiers of workers engagement in direction vary from industry to industry and state to state depending upon the political system, form of direction dealingss and capable or country of engagement. The signifiers of workers engagement may be as follows: Joint Consultation Modes Joint Decision Model Self Management, or Auto Management Scheme Workers Representation on Board It should be borne in head that when persons are provided with chances for look and portion in decision-making, they show much enterprise and accept duty well. The principle of workers ‘ engagement in direction prevarications in that it helps in making amongst the workers a sense of engagement in their organisatoin, a better apprehension of their function in the smooth operation of industry and provides them a agency of self-fulfillment, thereby, advancing efficiency and increased productiveness. INTROdTION Participative Management I s a sophisticated construct I n the modern managerial universe, atleast in Indian Scene. Engagement in the decision-making procedure helps to accomplish greater occupation satisfaction on the portion of the employees and hlgher production on the portion of the administration. The workers can be motivated more efficaciously through non-monetary Incentives than through pecuniary inducements. I t one s observed in recent times that engagement Is one of the best non-monetary inducements I f the administration applies the engagement schemes decently, one T is believed that it w one cubic decimeter cubic decimeter be able to better the production and productivenesss of the different factors of production. At the same clip it serves as a incentive and satisfaction to the employees by run intoing their self-importance demands. Participative Management is the procedure of affecting subsidiaries i n the decision-making procedure. I t emphasiss active engagement of th e employees. I t utilizations thelr expertness and creativeness in work outing of import managerial jobs. I t remainders on the construct of shared authorization which holds that directors portion thelr managerla1 authorization with their subsidiaries. Participative Management, â€Å" is a procedure of deputation of authorization and duty in the general country of managerial maps. I t agencies sharing in an appropriate mode the decislonmaklng power with the lower ranks of the administration of an endeavor Participative Management is hence, a system or procedure in which workers are called upon to show their positions sing the preparation of policies and decision-making, to the direction. This is nil but a manner of sati sfylng the workers ‘ impulse for self look and making in them a feeling of belongingness in order to acquire their willing co-operation for the efficient working of the administration. The purpose of this system is to do the workers feel that the administration is their ain and its success or failure, Is their ain success or failure. I t would take the feeling of disaffection from the workers towards the direction every bit good as other workers In the same industry. Four procedures influence engagement. These procedures create employee engagement as they are pushed down to the lowest degrees in an organisation. The farther down these procedures move, the higher the degree of engagement by employees. The four procedures include: Information sharing, which is concerned with maintaining employees informed about the economic position of the company. Training, which involves raising the accomplishment degrees of employees and offering development chances that allow them to use new accomplishments to do effectual determinations sing the organisation as a whole. Employee determination devising, which can take many signifiers, from finding work agendas to make up one's minding on budgets or procedures. Wagess, which should be tied to suggestions and thoughts every bit good as public presentation.BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENTA participative direction manner offers assorted benefits at all degrees of the organisation. By making a sense of ownership in the company, participative direction instils a sense of pride and motivates employees to increase productiveness in order to accomplish their ends. Employees who participate in the determinations of the company feel like they are a portion of a squad with a common end, and happen their sense of self-pride and originative fulfillment heightened. Directors who use a participative manner happen that employees are more receptive to alter than in state of affairss in which they have no voice. Changes are implemented more efficaciously when employees have input and do parts to determinations. Participation keeps employees informed of approaching events so they will be cognizant of possible alterations. The organisation can so put itself in a proactive manner alternatively of a reactive 1, as directors are able to rapidly place countries of concern and turn to employees for solutions. Engagement helps employees derive a wider position of the organisation. Through preparation, development chances, and information sharing, employees can get the conceptual accomplishments needed to go effectual directors or top executives. It besides increases the committedness of employees to the organisation and the determinations they make. Creativity and invention are two of import benefits of participative direction. By leting a diverse group of employees to hold input into determinations, the organisation benefits from the synergism that comes from a wider pick of options. When all employees, alternatively of merely directors or executives, are given the chance to take part, the opportunities are increased that a valid and alone thought will be suggested.REQUIREMENTS OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENTA common misconception by directors is that participative direction involves merely inquiring employees to take part or do suggestions. Effective plans involve more than merely a suggestion box. In order for participative direction to work, several issues must be resolved and several demands must be met. First, directors must be willing to release some control to their workers ; directors must experience secure in their place in order for engagement to be successful. Often directors do non recognize that employees ‘ regar d for them will increase alternatively of lessening when they implement a participative direction manner. The success of participative direction depends on careful planning and a slow, phased attack. Changing employees ‘ thoughts about direction takes clip, as does any successful effort at a entire cultural alteration from a democratic or bossy manner of direction to a participative manner. Long-run employees may defy alterations, non believing they will last. In order for engagement to be effectual, directors must be echt and honest in implementing the plan. Many employees will necessitate to consistently see cogent evidence that their thoughts will be accepted or at least earnestly considered. The employees must be able to swear their directors and feel they are respected. Successful engagement requires directors to near employee engagement with an unfastened head. They must be unfastened to new thoughts and options in order for participative direction to work. It is of import to retrieve that although the director may non hold with every thought or suggestion an employee makes, how those thoughts are received is critical to the success of participative direction. Employees must besides be willing to take part and portion their thoughts. Participative direction does non work with employees who are inactive or merely make non care. Many times employees do non hold the accomplishments or information necessary to do good suggestions or determinations. In this instance it is of import to supply them with information or preparation so they can do informed picks. Encouragement should be offered in order to habituate employees to the participative attack. One manner to assist employees prosecute in the decision-making procedure is by cognizing their single strengths and capitalising on them. By steering employees toward countries in which they are knowing, a director can assist to guarantee their success. Before anticipating employees to do valuable parts, directors should supply them with the standards that their input must run into. This will help in flinging thoughts or suggestions that can non be implemented, are non executable, or are excessively expensive. Directors should besides give employees clip to believe about thoughts or alternate determinations. Employees frequently do non make their most originative thought on the topographic point. Another of import component for implementing a successful participative direction manner is the seeable integrating of employees ‘ suggestions into the concluding determination or execution. Employees need to cognize that they have made a part. Offering employees a pick in the concluding determination is of import because it increases their committedness, motive, and occupation satisfaction. Sometimes even merely showing several options and leting employees to take from them is every bit effectual as if they thought of the options themselves. If the employees ‘ first pick is non executable, direction might inquire for an option instead than rejecting the employee input. When an thought or determination is non acceptable, directors should supply an account. If direction repeatedly strikes down employee thoughts without implementing them, employees will get down to mistrust direction, therefore holding engagement. The key is to construct employee assurance so their thoughts and determinations become more originative and sound.ConcernsParticipative direction is non a charming remedy for all that ails an organisation. Directors should carefully weigh the pros and the cons before implementing this manner of direction. Directors must recognize that alterations will non take consequence overnight and will necessitate consistence and forbearance before employees will get down to see that direction is serious about employee engagement. Participative direction is likely the most hard manner of direction to pattern. It is disputing non merely for directors but for employees every bit good. While it is of import that direction allows employees to take part in determination devising and encourages engagement in the organisation ‘s way, directors must be cognizant of the potency for employees to pass more clip formulating suggestions and less clip finishing their work. High-level direction will non back up a participative direction plan if they believe employees are non run intoing their daily or hebdomadal ends. Some suggestions for get the better ofing this possible job are to put aside a peculiar clip each hebdomad for workers to run into with direction in order to portion their thoughts, or to let them to work on their thoughts during less busy times of the twenty-four hours or hebdomad. Another thought that works for some directors is to let employees to put up single assignments to discourse thoughts or suggestions. Directors should retrieve that participative direction is non ever the appropriate manner to manage a given state of affairs. Employees frequently respect a director that uses his or her authorization and makes determinations when it is necessary. There are times when, as a director, it is of import to be in charge, do a determination, and so accept the duty for the picks made. For illustration, participative direction is likely non appropriate when disciplinary action is needed. When directors look upon their ain occupations as a privilege alternatively of as a duty, they will neglect at doing participative direction work. They will be less willing to turn over some of the decision-making duty to subsidiaries. Another ground that participative direction fails is that directors do non recognize it is non the same as deputing or merely switching duty. Participation entirely has no value ; it is merely an effectual tool if it is used to work out jobs and meet ends. Some directors believe that ask foring employees to fall in in meetings and signifier commissions will make a successful participative direction plan. However, these steps are merely successful when employees ‘ thoughts are accepted by direction and implemented. The larger the organisation, the more hard it becomes to establish a participative direction manner. Large organisations have more beds and degrees, which complicate effectual communicating and do it hard to register the sentiments and suggestions of a diverse group of employees and directors. Critics argue that brotherhoods are frequently more effectual than participative direction in reacting to employee demands because brotherhood attempts can cut through bureaucratic organisations more rapidly. Participative direction plans can be threatened by office political relations. Due to conceal dockets and peer force per unit area, employees may maintain their sentiments to themselves and decline to state a director if they feel an thought will non work. Directors besides play a portion in political relations when they implement participative direction plans to affect their ain foremans but have no purpose of seeing them through. Many companies have experienced the positive effects of participative direction. Employees are more committed and experience more occupation satisfaction when they are allowed to take part in determination devising. Organizations have reported that productiveness improved significantly when directors used a participative manner. Participative direction is non an easy direction manner to implement. It presents assorted challenges and does non win nightlong. Directors will be more successful if they remember that it will take clip and careful planning before they will see consequences. Get downing with little undertakings that encourage and reward engagement is one manner to acquire employees to believe that direction is sincere and trusty.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease - 920 Words

Although there is no cure for Alzheimer’s there are ways to treat this disease. Certain medications may help lessen the symptoms, such as memory loss and confusion but only for a limited amount of time. The Food and Drug Administration have approved the following types of medications: cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, both of these medications treat the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer s disease. (Office) Unfortunately, as Alzheimer’s advances the patient’s brain cells progressively die and connections among the cells are lost. This in turn causes his or her cognitive symptoms to worsen. As previously stated, current medications cannot stop the damage Alzheimer’s causes to the brain cells but some may help lessen or stabilize symptoms for a limited time. These medications affect certain chemicals involved in relaying messages among the brain s nerve cells causing the symptoms to better for a certain amount of time. At times doctors may even prescribe high doses of vitamin E to act as another aid to the medications. Primarily, Cholinesterase inhibitors are prescribed to the patient to treat symptoms having to do with memory, thinking, language, judgment and other thought processes- the Cognitive symptoms. Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine. When that happens it supports communication among nerve cells by keeping the levels of acetylcholine high. This medication is generally well tolerated by those who take it. However, if side effects doShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe effects of Alzheimer’s disease, many of these treat the symptoms but not the cause. One specific medication, cholinesterase inhibitors is not fully understood but it is believed to help decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). Cholinesterase is both beneficial in it’s aid in treatment and not— this medicine over time causes neurons not to produce as much acet ylcholine (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). This drug worksRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1780 Words   |  8 Pagesof Alzheimer s disease, the first thing that comes to mind is memory loss. This is something that may affect a family member, a close friend, a coworker, or someone dear to our heart. Currently, there is no cure for it, yet due to extensive research, there are more treatment options for it. The available medications that have been approved by the FDA can possibly slow the progression of the disease, but it is a temporary benefit. Research is ongoing and recent developments in treatment hasRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesthose being myself. Though it seemed her memory was very clear on the subject, she did not realize that I was one of those 4 girls. My grandma has Alzheimer’s disease. She started showing mild signs of it around the age of 75 and it has slowly progressed over the years. Now, 10 years later her memory is almost completely gone. Alzheimer s disease is an irreversible, abnormal, progressive deterioration of the brain that causes victims to steadily lose the ability to remember, reason, and comprehend (WardlawRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1930 Words   |  8 Pagesneurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is currently the most common cause of dementia and affects millions of people around the world. ¹ There are multiple risk factors associated with AD, including genetic factors, hypertension, diet and most significantly, age. Individuals over the age of 65 are most vulnerable to the disease and at this point, the risk increases every 5 years. ¹ Alzheimer’s Disease was first described over 100 years ago by Alois Alzheimer in Germany, characterising the firstRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease911 Words   |  4 Pageshas found out that her grandmother had passed away from Alzheimer’s disease after she was diagnosed prior to moving into a nursing home. She is currently in good health from recent records of her physical from last year. Her past medical history includes a broken pinky finger in 2005, a hyper extended knee in 2010, and a sprained thumb from early 2015. All three of these cases were fixed and the patient is not looking for treatment for any illness at the time. Patient reports that she is eating a well-balancedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Alzheimer s Disease1592 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s disease. It was devastating to hear, especially not knowing what to expect, and only having information and ideas based on stereotypical behavior. I am familiar with some of the characteristics of a person living with AD, (Alzheimer’s Disease), however I really do not know what to expect as the disease progresses. My goal with this research paper is to develop my understanding of the disease as a caretaker, and find alternative treatments to go along with his current medical treatment plan.Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease2254 Words   |  10 Pagescommon is that they’re aware of who they are and what they want to accomplish, well for the most part that is. There are many people living in this world with a disease called Alzheimer’s, which is a very deadly and mysterious disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of Dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. This disease is a progressive cognitive disorder that deteriorates brain cells eventually to the point of destroying them. This kind of deterioration leads to memory loss asRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1220 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesThere are many diseases and disorders in the world that can attack a human’s body and destroy certain organ systems in the process. In this paper, you will learn about a particular disease that has been studied by many scientists and doctors for decades. Research hospitals such as Mayo Clinic and John Hopkins University have studied Alzheimer’s disease in order to come to conclusions on what the disease is and what can cure the disease. This disease can cause critical damage to a human’s body fromRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease2077 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"According to doctors in the early 20th century anyone over the age of 65 who marked a sign of confusion was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Bair, 5).† AD is form of dementia. â€Å"It is also a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a mean duration of around 8.5 years between onset of clinical symptoms and death (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).† Th e medicine and science related to dementia and AD specifically has evolved a long way to develop strategies to encourage the healthy altitude of the brainRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Symptoms And Treatment Of Dementia1482 Words   |  6 Pagesolder will be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. There is other subsets of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most well known. With the skyrocketing increase of individuals suffering from dementia will come the need for more intervention and prevention projects to help the number of individuals suffering from all forms of dementia. Even though there is an umbrella of different forms of dementia, dementia it self is a term used to describe a disease that is chronic, progressive, and terminal